This study shows that high achievers use more metacognitive strategies. Students and teachers favour critical thinking, deep learning, conceptual learning, active learning and goals-oriented learning. Quantitative and qualitative databases converge and persistent, though some differences are observed. Different studies support the use of appropriate learning strategies for better learning of students e.g. high achievers, in a study, use deep learning strategies and concept map. One verbatim of student in our study,  “I learned the whole topic as mind map" supports the same idea.There is strong relationship between self-efficacy and certain learning strategies.

Critical thinking and active learning strategies are important findings in the study, which is supported by literature. Remarks of one student, "My course, my responsibility" indicates importance of students' involvement in their learning process.   So, it is concluded that active participation of students is imperative in their learning process, and efforts should be focused on fostering critical thinking and deep learning strategies for better learning of students.

While developing curriculum for undergraduate medical students, diverge learning strategies should be kept in mind. The focus should be to enhance deep learning and critical thinking, and it is a challenge for faculty how to integrate these strategies in the curriculum. Students should be part of curriculum planning and  development. 

I acknowledge Prof Mukhtiar Baig and Prof Shahid Shamim for their support during the research. 

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