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Assessment of Patients Radiation Dose In Common Radiographic examinations in Taif |
In the current era, radiological investigations play a central role in patient management worldwide. It has been estimated that 80 % of patients referred to hospitals need a radiographic examination. Protecting the patients during diagnostic procedure is an important responsibility of radiologic staff to keep radiation dose’s level as low as practicable. Aims: the current study , was aimed .to assess patients Entrance skin dose (ESD) in common diagnostic x-ray examinations in Saudi Arabia Taif city
Methods and materials: the study was conducted in three different hospitals in Taif city, these hospitals indicated in this study as I, II and III, 221 images was performed in the aforementioned hospitals utilized dosage calculation, DOSCAL formula, data collection sheet was designed to record technique factor ( kVp, mAs ) and patients characteristic bio-data.
Table 1:X-ray machines characteristics
Hospital |
unit type |
Manufacturer |
Maximum Kvp |
Filtration mm Al and Al equivalent |
Last Qc check |
Installation date |
I |
Stationary |
GE Health Care |
150 |
2.3 |
May 2017 |
2014 |
II |
Major |
Siemens |
150 |
2.4 |
Sept 2016 |
2012 |
III |
Fixed |
Toshiba |
150 |
2.9 |
June 2016 |
2013 |
Table 2: statistic of ESDs for investigations
Investigation |
No |
Frequency % |
Mean mGY |
Max mGY |
Min mGY |
±STD |
Chest |
63 |
28.5 |
0.23 |
0.35 |
0.15 |
0.103 |
Skull |
11 |
4.9 |
0.85 |
1.29 |
0.70 |
0.19 |
Cervical Spine Lat |
6 |
2.7 |
0.46 |
0.53 |
0.36 |
0.08 |
Dorsal Spine AP |
6 |
2.7 |
2.85 |
4.26 |
2.33 |
1.06 |
Lumbar spine Lat |
24 |
10.9 |
6.33 |
10.89 |
3.067 |
3.40 |
Pelvis |
21 |
9.6 |
4.6 |
5.60 |
2.718 |
1.07 |
Hand |
9 |
4.07 |
0.19 |
0.27 |
0.12 |
0.064 |
Arm |
4 |
1.8 |
0.33 |
0.51 |
0.29 |
0.08 |
Forearm |
8 |
3.63 |
0.49 |
0.54 |
0.40 |
0.04 |
Shoulder |
10 |
4.52 |
0.74 |
1.03 |
0.67 |
0.30 |
Hip joint |
7 |
3.17 |
2.37 |
3.10 |
1.62 |
0.74 |
femur |
6 |
2.7 |
1.665 |
2.37 |
0.99 |
0.73 |
Knee |
18 |
8.15 |
1.184 |
1.4 |
0.92 |
0.26 |
Leg |
16 |
7.24 |
0.59 |
0.63 |
0.56 |
0.07 |
Foot and ankle |
12 |
5.42 |
0.35 |
0.40 |
0.2997 |
0.05 |
total |
221 |
100% |
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Figure 1: Correlations of ESDs for DOSCAL and TLDs methods
Figure 2: Comparison of ESDs in three hospitals for lumbo-sacral and pelvis investigations
Current study showed radiation doses for most x-ray examinations in Taif city. Found that the radiation doses were lowered compared to literature.
Acknowledgement: This study was funded with the support of Academic Research Centre (ARC) in Taif University, project number 1-438-5957. The authors wish to thank College of Applied Medical Sciences at Taif University. Also, all hospitals in Taif who shared in this project for their grateful and admirable communication
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